Introduction

  Poverty is one of the most complex and pressing global problems. Despite advances in many areas, millions of people around the world still live in conditions of extreme poverty, deprived of access to basic necessities such as food, water, shelter, health care and education. Technological innovations offer new tools and methods that can help reduce poverty and improve the quality of life for those affected by poverty. In this article, we will examine a variety of technologies and their application in the fight against poverty, discuss their impact on the lives of individuals and communities, and provide examples of successful initiatives from different parts of the world.

   1. Financial technologies (FinTech)

   1.1 Mobile payments

  Mobile payments is one of the most disruptive financial technologies that allows people to make financial transactions using their cell phones. This technology offers solutions for people who do not have access to traditional banking services.

   - M-Pesa - Kenya: M-Pesa is a mobile payment service implemented by Safaricom in Kenya. It allows users to store money, make payments and transfers, and save funds using their cell phones. M-Pesa has revolutionized the financial sector in Kenya, providing access to financial services to millions of people who were previously excluded from the banking system.
   - Poverty Impact: Mobile payments have increased savings, improved the ability to manage personal finances, and facilitated access to credit and microcredit. The technology supports the development of small businesses and increases the financial security of individuals.

   1.2 Cryptocurrencies and blockchain

  Cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology offer alternative solutions for accessing financial services, especially in regions with unstable banking systems.

   - Bitcoin: Bitcoin is the first decentralized cryptocurrency that enables secure and anonymous financial transactions without the need for traditional banks. Bitcoin offers an alternative way to store and transfer value, especially in countries with unstable currencies.
   - Blockchain for Sustainable Development - UNICEF: UNICEF uses blockchain technology to track and manage donations to development projects. Blockchain technology ensures transparency and data integrity, which increases donor confidence and the effectiveness of aid programs.

   1.3 Crowdfunding platforms

  Crowdfunding platforms enable fundraising for a variety of projects, including anti-poverty initiatives.

   - Kiva: Kiva is a crowdfunding platform that enables people from around the world to provide micro-credit to entrepreneurs in developing countries. Borrowers can use the funds to grow their small businesses, helping to increase their income and improve their quality of life.
   - Poverty Impact: Crowdfunding platforms provide access to financing for individuals and communities that do not have access to traditional credit sources. The technology supports the development of local businesses and contributes to poverty reduction.

   2. Information and communications technology (ICT)

   2.1 Online education

  Online education offers access to high-quality educational materials and courses for people in remote and hard-to-reach areas.

   - Khan Academy: Khan Academy is an online education platform that offers free access to courses and educational materials in various fields such as math, science, history and foreign languages. The platform has helped increase access to education for millions of students around the world.
   - Coursera: Coursera is an online education platform that offers courses and certification programs from renowned universities and educational institutions. Through Coursera, students from different parts of the world can learn new skills and improve their professional qualifications.

   2.2 Telemedicine

  Telemedicine enables remote medical consultations and diagnostics, which increases access to health care in remote and hard-to-reach areas.

   - Babylon Health: Babylon Health is a telemedicine platform that offers remote medical consultations, health monitoring and chronic disease management via a mobile app. The platform has helped increase access to health care for people in remote regions and reduce the burden on the health care system.
   - Telemedicine in Rural India: Various telemedicine programs have been implemented in India to provide remote medical consultations for residents of remote villages and towns. These programs have helped increase access to health care and improve health outcomes in rural regions.

   2.3 Online trading platforms

  Online trading platforms enable small entrepreneurs to sell their products on the global market, helping to increase their income and improve their quality of life.

   - Alibaba: Alibaba is one of the largest online trading platforms in the world, which enables small entrepreneurs to sell their products on the global market. Alibaba supports the development of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in developing countries, which contributes to increasing their incomes and reducing poverty.
   - Etsy: Etsy is an online trading platform that enables artisans and creators to sell handmade and unique products. The platform supports the development of local businesses and promotes sustainable production and consumption.

   3. Agricultural technologies

   3.1 Precision farming

  Precision agriculture uses technologies such as drones, satellites and sensors to monitor and manage crops, increasing agricultural productivity and reducing production costs.

   - Drones for Agriculture - DJI: DJI, a leading drone manufacturer, offers drones for agriculture that enable crop health monitoring, plant health assessments and precise fertilization. Drones help increase agricultural productivity and reduce production costs.
   - Precision Agriculture Technology - John Deere: John Deere offers high-tech agricultural machinery equipped with precision agriculture systems such as GPS navigation, soil monitoring systems and moisture sensors. This technology enables farmers to optimize crops and increase yields.

   3.2 Irrigation technologies

  Innovative irrigation technologies, such as drip and rainwater irrigation systems, increase water productivity and contribute to sustainable water management.

   - Drip Irrigation Systems - Netafim: Netafim, a global leader in irrigation, offers drip irrigation systems that deliver water directly to the roots of plants, minimizing water loss and increasing agricultural productivity. These systems are particularly useful in regions with limited water resources.
   - Smart Irrigation Systems - AquaSpy: AquaSpy offers smart irrigation systems that use sensors to monitor soil moisture and automatically adjust the amount of water delivered to crops. This technology helps to increase water efficiency and optimize irrigation.

   3.3 Bioengineering

  Bioengineering offers tools to create plant varieties that are resistant to pests, diseases and climate change, increasing agricultural productivity and food security.

   - Golden Rice: Golden Rice is a genetically modified rice variety that contains beta-carotene, a precursor to vitamin A. Golden Rice was developed to combat vitamin A deficiency in developing countries, helping to improve health and reduce the incidence of vitamin A deficiency-related diseases.
   - BT Cotton: BT Cotton is a genetically modified cotton variety that is resistant to pests such as the cotton moth. BT Cotton contributes to increased yields and reduced pesticide use, which positively impacts the environment and farmers' health.

   4. Energy technologies

    4.1 Renewable energy

 Investing in renewable energy, such as solar, wind and biomass, contributes to providing access to energy for people living in poverty and supports sustainable development.

   - Solar Home Systems - d.light: d.light offers solar home systems that provide access to electricity for families in remote and unserved regions. These systems meet basic energy needs such as lighting, charging cell phones and powering electronic devices.
   - Wind Power for Rural Communities - Siemens Gamesa: Siemens Gamesa, a global leader in wind power, offers energy solutions for rural communities that rely on the installation of small wind turbines. Wind power contributes to providing access to electricity and supports economic development.

   4.2 Energy storage technologies

  Energy storage technologies, such as lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors, make it possible to store electricity and provide it when needed.

   - Tesla Powerwall: The Tesla Powerwall is a lithium-ion battery-based energy storage system that stores electricity from solar panels or the power grid and delivers it when needed. The Powerwall contributes to increasing energy independence and providing access to electricity in remote regions.
   - Supercapacitors for Energy Storage - Skeleton Technologies: Skeleton Technologies offers supercapacitors that enable rapid storage and delivery of electricity. Supercapacitors are used in energy storage and power supply systems, supporting sustainable energy development.

   5. International cooperation and partnerships

   5.1 International organizations

  International organizations play a key role in coordinating poverty reduction efforts and providing financial and technical support to developing countries.

   - World Bank: The World Bank offers financial and technical support to developing countries for infrastructure, education, health and agricultural projects that aim to reduce poverty. The World Bank also supports initiatives related to innovative technologies that contribute to sustainable development.
   - United Nations Development Program (UNDP): UNDP supports development projects around the world that aim to reduce poverty, promote sustainable development and strengthen institutions. UNDP also supports technology-related initiatives that contribute to improving the quality of life.

   5.2 Non-governmental organizations (NGOs)

  NGOs play a key role in implementing support programs and providing humanitarian assistance to people living in poverty.

   - Oxfam: Oxfam runs a number of support programs such as providing food, building water and sanitation infrastructure, and agricultural support to reduce poverty. Oxfam also supports innovative technologies that contribute to sustainable development.
   - Save the Children: Save the Children runs education, health and food programs that aim to improve the lives of children living in poverty. Save the Children also supports technology-related initiatives that help improve children's lives.

   5.3 Public-private partnerships

  Public-private partnerships offer tools to implement development projects and increase the effectiveness of poverty reduction efforts.

   - Infrastructure investments: Public-private partnerships can help build and upgrade infrastructure such as roads, bridges, schools and hospitals, which contributes to improving the quality of life.
   - Technology support: Public-private partnerships can contribute to the implementation of innovative technologies, such as agricultural technologies, financial technologies and information technologies, which aim to reduce poverty.
   - Education and training programs: Public-private partnerships can contribute to the implementation of education and training programs that aim to increase cognitive and vocational skills and improve employability.

   Conclusions and recommendations

   1. Increase investment in innovative technologies

  Increasing investment in innovative technologies is key to effectively combating poverty. Governments, international organizations, the private and academic sectors should increase funding for research and implementation of technologies that aim to improve the quality of life of people living in poverty.

   2. Remove barriers to accessing technology

  Removing barriers to technology access, such as lack of infrastructure, lack of financial resources and lack of technical skills, is key to ensuring equal access to innovative solutions. Support programs, such as technical training, grants and loans, can help cover the costs of implementation and ensure a level playing field for all.

   3. Promote international cooperation

  International cooperation is key to the successful implementation of innovative technologies and development programs. International organizations, governments, NGOs and the private sector should work together to share resources, knowledge and expertise, and support global initiatives for sustainable development.

   4. Fostering public-private partnerships

  Public-private partnerships offer tools to implement development projects and increase the effectiveness of poverty reduction efforts. Cooperation between the public and private sectors can contribute to the implementation of innovative technologies and support programs.

   5. Monitoring and evaluation of programs

  Monitoring and evaluation of technology programs are key to assessing their effectiveness and making necessary changes. Analyzing program outcomes, such as the number of beneficiaries, outreach, engagement and impact on quality of life, can help adjust strategies and increase the effectiveness of activities.